As summer approached, the Mid-Atlantic region found itself grappling with the effects of an unprecedented wildfire season in Canada. Satellite images revealed a colossal smoke plume stretching approximately 3,000 miles from Montana to the Atlantic Coast, originating from numerous wildfires in western Canada. The situation was dire enough to prompt a state of emergency and mass evacuations in Saskatchewan.
In 2023, the states of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware experienced the consequences of this wildfire smoke, as air quality plummeted and skies turned an eerie orange hue. WHYY’s Climate Desk correspondent Susan Phillips discussed these developments and their implications for the upcoming summer with “Morning Edition” host Jennifer Lynn.
The vivid orange skies and the pollution associated with the wildfires left a lasting impression on residents. While such conditions produced mesmerizing sunsets, they also posed significant health risks. Vulnerable populations, including individuals with heart and lung conditions, were advised to remain indoors and limit outdoor activity.
Jennifer Lynn inquired about the specific weather patterns that facilitated the transportation of wildfire smoke from Canada to the Mid-Atlantic region. Phillips explained that the volume of wildfires in 2023 was unprecedented, particularly in Quebec. Additionally, prevailing weather conditions played a crucial role, as winds blew smoke directly toward populated areas, and atmospheric conditions allowed the smoke to reach ground level, worsening air quality.
The Air Quality Index (AQI) registered alarming numbers during this period. Red days, indicating unsafe conditions for all residents, were recorded in multiple areas. At times, the AQI even reached purple and maroon levels—categories previously unheard of for most residents, signaling extreme pollution levels.
Looking ahead, Phillips noted that forecasts indicate a different experience for air quality in the coming summer. The National Weather Service predicts that while smoke may still be present, it is less likely to significantly impact air quality across the region this time around.
As of now, wildfires in Saskatchewan and Manitoba have burned approximately 1.7 million acres, according to the Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre. This substantial acreage underscores the severity of the current wildfire season.
The smoke from wildfires brings with it various pollutants, primarily particulate matter. The most concerning among these is PM2.5, a fine particle measuring 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter. These smaller particles can deeply penetrate the respiratory system and are particularly hazardous for children, the elderly, pregnant women, and those with pre-existing health issues like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
During times of harmful air quality, officials encouraged residents to adopt safety measures, including reducing outdoor activity levels and, in some cases, wearing masks. Last summer, for instance, many individuals resorted to donning N95 masks while advised to close windows and run air conditioning to keep polluted air at bay.
In exploring the relationship between wildfire seasons and climate change, Phillips revealed important insights from climate scientists. They assert that climate change is extending the duration and intensity of wildfire seasons. Specific instances, such as the record-high temperatures in Saskatchewan and Manitoba—reaching 91 degrees at the end of May—add credence to this assertion.
Combining extreme heat with drought conditions and particular atmospheric factors creates a perfect storm for wildfires. The interaction of such elements is increasingly recognized as a critical driver behind this year’s fire activity and the resultant air quality issues.
As communities brace for the continuing impacts of climate change, the dangers associated with wildfires and their consequent air quality implications remain significant. Regional authorities and health officials emphasize vigilance and preparedness to protect public health amid these challenges. The expected changes in air quality for the summer ahead offer a glimmer of hope, though the potential for wildfires remains an ongoing concern that cannot be overlooked. Stakeholders urge the public to stay informed and ready as this evolving situation unfolds.
image source from：https://whyy.org/articles/canada-wildfire-smoke-2025-philadelphia-air-quality/
